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Mejora de la resistencia de cultivos a la sequía - Watt Industria Avicola

Mejora de la resistencia de cultivos a la sequía

Oportunidades descubiertas en estudios de investigación de genes

Genetistas y colegas de Kansas State University encontraron que con la aplicación de un método de análisis genético que se usa para estudiar y dar prioridad a genes en humanos, pueden estudiar cómo las plantas de producción de alimentos responden a la sequía, calor y otros factores, lo que les da una gran oportunidad de mejorar la resistencia de cultivos a condiciones ambientales y climáticas rigurosas.

Los investigadores estudiaron el genoma del maíz mediante un método relativamente nuevo, llamado estudios asociados de todo el genoma, GWAS por sus siglas en inglés, que busca variaciones pequeñas y frecuentes en todo el genoma que pudieran influir sobre el riesgo a ciertas enfermedades. Esto ayuda a los investigadores a ubicar con exactitud genes potencialmente problemáticos que puedan ser la clave de características anormales y de enfermedades. “La realización de estudios a gran escala de todo el genoma en cultivos sigue siendo un desafío, debido al costo y a la complejidad del genoma”, comentó Patrick Schnable, autor del estudio y profesor de Agronomía en Iowa State University. “Lo que intentamos obtener de estos estudios es una visión amplia de qué regiones de los genomas de cultivos deben examinarse en detalle”.

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Mediante este método GWAS en análisis múltiples y métodos complementarios para la identificación de variantes genéticas, los investigadores pudieron encontrar que, en promedio, 79 por ciento de las señales genéticas detectables se concentraba en genes previamente definidos y sus regiones promotoras. Sin embargo, aún se necesita realizar un GWAS eficiente en cultivos con genomas complejos aprovechando la combinación de las tecnologías genómicas con las que se cuenta en la actualidad.

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