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El crecimiento de este subsector avícola fue del 3.3 por ciento en 2013
Tanto en pollos de engorde como en ponedoras, entre las principales compañías productoras de genética aviar en Colombia se encuentran Pronavícola, Avícola Colombiana, Incubadora Colombiana y Agroavícola San Marino. De acuerdo con la Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia (Fenavi), en genética especializada en pollos de engorde las razas más utilizadas (en un 95 por ciento) son la Ross y la Cobb.
“En el país hay cerca de 40 incubadoras que cuentan con sus propias reproductoras, plantas de incubación y no venden a terceros los pollitos de un día, ya que prefieren mantenerlos dentro de sus granjas para engordarlos y posteriormente procesarlos”, comentó al diario económico La República el gerente de Pronavícola, Rafael Serrano.
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El mismo empresario agregó que “somos la única incubadora del país que produce pollitos de engorde y pollitas ponedoras. Tenemos el 25 por ciento del mercado de quienes compran pollitos de un día para engorde”. También resaltó el avance genético que, combinado con una mejor nutrición, redujo en 20 años el ciclo de crianza para el pollo de engorde de 90 a 42 días.
Para el caso de las ponedoras, las razas predominantes en este país andino son H&N Brown, Lohmann Brown, Lohmann Blanca y Hy Line. “Por el gusto del consumidor colombiano, que prefiere el huevo rosado o marrón, se comercializan más pollitas marrones que blancas”, explicó por su parte Juan Carlos Moreno, gerente regional de Agroavícola San Marino S.A. “En pollitas ponedoras vendemos 10.5 millones de un total de 32 millones que comercializamos en ambas líneas (engorde y ponedoras). De las pollitas que vendemos, 8 por ciento son blancas y 92 por ciento son brown”.
Tanto Serrano como Moreno resaltaron que “uno de los factores que más ayuda a la permanente evolución de los resultados tanto en la línea de engorde como en la de ponedoras, es que las empresas del sector avícola cuentan con un nutricionista dentro de su nómina. Estos profesionales están pendientes de que la dieta de los pollos se encuentre permanentemente balanceada para poder lograr que la conversión alimenticia sea mejor cada día, teniendo en cuenta la edad de las aves y el clima de la granja”.